A Review on Epigenome Editing using CRISPR-based Tools to Rejuvenate Skin Tissues

Abstract

Genomic activity is controlled by a sophisticated series of cell functions known as the epigenome. The creation of tools capable of directly altering various processes is required to unravel this intricacy. Additionally, by employing tailored DNA-binding platforms connected with effector domains to serve as targeted transcription factors or epigenetic modifiers, it is possible to control the chemical modifiers that regulate the genome's activity. Neoplastic disorders have received the most attention in the study of epigenetics, though the epigenome's significance in a variety of disease processes is now well acknowledged. Researchers are inspired to investigate novel approaches to revert these pathogenic alterations to their normal patterns by considering the fact that the epigenome profile of individuals with aging skin cells or other skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, differs from that of healthy individuals. Here in this review, we discuss the use of CRISPR/dCas9 as a cutting-edge and flexible tool for fundamental studies on chromatin structure, transcription regulation, and epigenetic landscapes, as well as the potential of this method in these fields. Furthermore, we review on common and recently invented methods to make epigenetic alterations possible in daughter cells after any mitotic differentiations. In the very near future, CRISPR-based epigenomic editing will become a potent tool for comprehending and regulating biological functions.