Early Development of the Human Face

Abdelmonem Awad Mustafa Hegazy

doi:10.61797/ijcsav.v5i2.349

Abdelmonem Awad Mustafa Hegazy Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5993-6618

DOI: https://doi.org/10.61797/ijcsav.v5i2.349

Keywords: Cleft lip, Maxillofacial development, Face, Microstomia, Macrostomia, Congenital anomalies

Abstract

The face is the viscerocranium that, together with the neurocranium, forms the skull. Its developmental anatomy is a complex process and must be easily understood so that surgeons and public health practitioners can recognize and manage it properly with ease. In this short article, we aim to review facial development in a simple way that can be easily followed by medical and health professionals. Facial development begins early in the fetus's life in the womb with the appearance of 5 mesodermal ridges (processes) surrounding the stomodeum. These processes include a frontonasal process, two maxillary processes, and two mandibular processes. These processes fuse together to form the cheek on each side and leave an opening for the mouth. Any error in fusion can lead to various congenital facial deformities which must be treated as soon as possible.

Author Biography

Abdelmonem Awad Mustafa Hegazy, Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Jordan

Prof. Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy

(Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt)

MBBCH with honor, DGO, MSc, MD, PhD

Dr. Abdelmonem A. Hegazy is currently working as Professor of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt & College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science & Technology (MUST), Egypt.

He is also a Consultant of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. He is the former chairman of the Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University (Egypt); and Professor in King Saud and Majmaah Universities (KSA) 2009-2013 and Misurata, Faculty of Medicine (Libya) 2000.

Prof Hegazy is a Global Goodwill Ambassador (GGA). He is also an Egyptian Ambassador for International Program for Prevention of Child Abuse ‘My Body is My Body’.

He is Editor-in-Chief of the following international journals: International Journal of Cadaveric Studies and Anatomical Variations (Canada); International Journal of Human Anatomy (USA); Women Health and Complications (UK), SAR Journal of Medical Case Reports (Bangladesh), Journal of Medical & Advanced Clinical Case Reports (India) & Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Frontiers Journal of Anatomical Variations (FJAV). He is the Former Editor-in-Chief of Zagazig University Medical Journal (Egypt).

Dr. Hegazy is also a referee of scientific research submitted for promotion of professors in Egyptian Universities (since 2016 Till Now). He is also Member of International Institutional Review Board – IRB (Hong Kong). Dr. Hegazy participates in Zagazig University academic, scientific, educational and professional development activities in the fields of medical sciences development, including basic and clinical research, policy implementation, design programs, set coursework plans, curricula, syllabi, scientific conference paneling, as well as designing and delivering a wide scope of continuous professional development programs, including training, strategic planning, research methodology, scientific thesis and dissertation writing; research proposal, medical ethics, organization’s behavior issues, all with emphasis on system and staff development. Dr. Hegazy is a member of Institutional Research Board (IRB) unit, Egyptian Medical Syndicate, Egyptian Society of Anatomy, and Postgraduate and Scientific Research Affairs Committee, Faculty of Medicine. His pool of academics consists of original research articles/books/book chapters in various national and international accredited publishing houses. Dr. Hegazy has plenty of scientific publications and projects with many citations. He has got many national and international honors and awards. Dr. Hegazy has been supervising post graduate students in their thesis works. He is also a well-known reviewer/referee/editorial board member in more than 150 international indexed journals.