International Journal of Financial Regulation, Compliance and Innovation

Assessing Barriers to Scale-up Adaptation Finance for India

2024-12-24T01:28:02-06:00

India is recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, necessitating significant adaptation finance to effectively address its impacts. This paper explores the barriers and constraints faced by various stakeholders including vulnerable communities, local governments, and non-governmental organizations in accessing and utilizing adaptation finance in India. Existing frameworks such as the Paris Agreement emphasize the urgent need for accessible financial resources to enhance resilience against climate variability. The research objective is to identify and analyze the barriers hindering access to adaptation finance in India. It specifically seeks to uncover the challenges stakeholders face in project design and monitoring, the complexities of attracting private sector investment, and the overall scarcity of available funds. A qualitative research methodology was employed, involving a comprehensive review of existing literature, research papers, reports, and policy documents relevant to adaptation finance in India. This approach allows for a nuanced understanding of the barriers to effective financial utilization. The study identifies numerous barriers to
accessing and utilizing adaptation finance, including limited awareness and capacity among stakeholders, challenges in project design and monitoring, and high transaction costs. Additional constraints include complexities in accessing international funds, the need for financing startups, inadequate groundwork for post-Paris action, and a lack of data on climate risks and adaptation needs. Furthermore, insufficient local capacity, a lack of political will, and fragmented governance structures hinder effective implementation of adaptation
measures. To address these challenges, India must enhance awareness and capacity-building initiatives, improve project design and monitoring processes, and attract private sector investments. Mobilizing additional financial resources and strengthening institutional capacity are critical steps. Ultimately, political will is essential to ensure that adaptation finance is effectively utilized to confront the pressing challenges posed by climate change in India.

Application of Akim’s Model - Voluntary Insurance for Rapid Growth-trend of E-banking Transactions in Canadian-Economy: Seeking Officials Attentions

2024-12-24T01:28:03-06:00

The Bank of Canada (BoC) has been speeding up its efforts for positively influencing ebanking growth-trends in economy and finance for few years now where the innovations of banks & fintech are contributing significantly. However, effective protection and lack of competition that comes with it, have resulted banks to be behind innovation comparing it to that of many developed countries. Here probable customers are still concerned about psychological and emotional risk-factors that are becoming barriers to the growth-trends of ebanking services in Canadian economy. To marginalize the dilemma, attaching Voluntary Insurance (VI), known as Akim’s Model in literature, as a product in e-banking services can ensure secured digital-transaction services. As methodology used in this study, it is academically shown that adding the VI as a product and its increasing value will keep banking-businesses be growing. Here Welfare Analyses are used as guidance for policy design ensuring efficiency cost of competitive pricing of insurance so that the VI becomes appealing to party(s) involved. In case of bank service-provider, adverse selection in insurance market, welfare cost of inefficient pricing is quantitatively small and advantageous selection results the opposite. It can ensure risk-free e-banking in Canadian economy soon. Historical growth trends of Canadian e-banking services ratify that addition of a new legal product will contribute improving society beyond just gratification of consumers. Thus, once the VI policy is in place, which is well suitable under BoC policies and the 2024 Canadian federal budget introduced mandates, it will spread from bankers to customers. It will marginalize the strength of psychological & emotional factors of probable customers. It will serve as the positive results of innovations and of main motivating factors in the adoption process. So, its growth trend (S-curve) will capture the growth of revenue against time. This growth will be slow at the beginning but at some point, e-banking users will begin to demand
it. Thus, it will ensure a higher number of transactions than that are today in e-banking service-market of Canada. Here the motivation & efforts of the BoC are the pre-requirements for ensuring Canadians to be cashless society soon.

Taxation Possibilities and Choices for Micro and Small Enterprises in Hungary

2024-12-24T01:28:03-06:00

In the last decades, the dominance and, consequently, the economic roles of micro-enterprises have been continuously increasing. These small businesses have great but often unexploited potential over large businesses in terms of market adaptation and flexibility. However, realizing this potential, especially in the case of large-scale changes, requires huge capital investments, which cause financial difficulties for small businesses. This situation is further hindered by the complex taxation system of Hungary. This paper deals with the financial situation of the Hungarian micro-enterprises and their connection to the current taxation system. The aim of the study is to examine the structure of this system and understand the experiences of domestic businesses with the public burdens and forms of taxation. In the literature review, micro-enterprises are introduced with their related financial background. Then the corporate taxation system of Hungary and its elements are examined. Considering the primary research, we distributed questionnaires to the domestic micro-enterprises and received 97 responses. The main conclusions of this research are that these businesses are having difficulties not only in choosing the appropriate form of taxation but also in the various conditions of the ones they choose. In order to facilitate the competitiveness of micro-enterprises in the long run, a stable and transparent financial background and taxation system are needed. Consequently, we provide suggestions that can be applied to ameliorate the situation.

Financial Innovations for Scaling Up Green Hydrogen Investments in India

2024-12-24T01:28:03-06:00

Green hydrogen is a promising new technology with the potential to decarbonize a wide range of sectors. However, the high cost of production and lack of established infrastructure are major challenges that need to be addressed. This paper identifies financial challenges and opportunities for green hydrogen projects in India and delves deeper into potential financing mechanisms and investment models for green hydrogen projects in India. Furthermore, the study also attempts to develop recommendations for policymakers and investors on how to support the development of green hydrogen in India.

The paper concludes by suggesting some strategies and policies which might help overcome the challenges faced by the green hydrogen sector due to barriers affecting investments. These strategies include facilitating the development of innovative and standardized financing models, and risk assessment frameworks, implementing risk mitigation strategies, exploring revenue-sharing models and power purchase agreements, promoting the use of sustainable finance instruments, encouraging project developers to incorporate ESG criteria in project planning, implementation, and reporting, promoting corporate and institutional investments in green hydrogen, conducting thorough risk assessments to provide transparent information on different risks, highlighting the environmental and social benefits of green hydrogen projects, engaging with institutional investors, impact investors, and corporate entities to showcase green hydrogen projects as attractive investment opportunities. By implementing these strategies and policies outlined in this research, stakeholders can help to overcome the challenges and create an enabling environment for the development of green hydrogen in India. Consequently, this will help to accelerate the transition to a cleaner energy future.

Performance and Participation Expectancy if Voluntary Insurance Becomes a Policy of Digital-banking Service-market in Economy Country-wise: Statistical Analysis of Buying Intensions for Insurance in Bangladesh

2024-12-24T01:28:03-06:00

This study assessed e-banking users or customers’ perceptions of using Voluntary Insurance (VI) for marginalizing psychological risk-factors for enhancing the growth-trend of digitaltransactions. The survey collected the data from 250 randomly selected digital-banking-users of Premier Bank customers in Gulshan Branch, Dhaka, Bangladesh using an online, five-point Likert Scale questionnaire. Hierarchical multiple linear regression modelling (HLM) was adopted to evaluate the effects of insurance performance expectancy (IPE) and user’s effort expectancy (UEE) on insurance buying intention (IPI) in digital-banking services, after controlling for the effects of age and education. The results revealed that digital-banking users’ IBIs were significantly influenced by IPE (p<0.01) and UEE (p<0.01). The study concluded that young and educated user consumers were more likely to buy insurance i.e., the group of e-banking users represented higher IBI, if the Voluntary Insurance (VI) is in place as a new product in digital-banking services. Obviously, it ensures to be effective, productive, and useful, and the process requires little effort of users in economy country-wise such as Bangladesh. These findings offer the bank-management & policymakers’ guidelines and for motivational efforts adopting the VI as a new product in digital-banking services in economy country-wise such as Bangladesh. And, once the VI becomes an official product, the bank itself or in a joint effort with an insurance company, can promote and sell it to customers in multifaucets.